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EP142C How do I Identify project dependencies?
Project dependencies refer to tasks, processes, or resources that rely on each other for successful project execution. Identifying them early helps in better scheduling, risk management, and avoiding bottlenecks.
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1. Types of Project Dependencies
🔹 Finish-to-Start (FS) – Task B cannot start until Task A is completed. (Most common)
🔹 Start-to-Start (SS) – Task B can only start once Task A has started.
🔹 Finish-to-Finish (FF) – Task B can only finish when Task A is finished.
🔹 Start-to-Finish (SF) – Task B must start before Task A can finish. (Least common)
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✅ Break the Project Down (Work Breakdown Structure – WBS) – Identify key tasks and milestones.
- Identify all major tasks, deliverables, and milestones.
- Assign owners and timelines to each task.
✅ Analyze Task Relationships – Determine which tasks rely on others.
- Ask: Which tasks depend on others to start or finish?
- Determine task sequences and required handovers.
- Consider external dependencies (e.g., supplier deliveries, regulatory approvals).
✅ Use Dependency Mapping Tools – Tools like Gantt charts, Critical Path Method (CPM), or Kanban boards help visualize dependencies.
- Gantt Charts – Visualize task sequences and overlapping activities.
- Critical Path Method (CPM) – Identify the longest chain of dependent tasks to avoid delays.
- Kanban Boards – Track task progression and handovers in real time.
✅ Consult Stakeholders & Teams – Team members often identify hidden dependencies.
- Consult team members, clients, and suppliers to identify hidden dependencies.
- Review past similar projects for patterns in dependencies.
✅ Factor in External Dependencies – Supplier deliveries, regulatory approvals, or market conditions can impact timelines.
- Internal Dependencies – Tasks within the project team (e.g., design approval before coding).
- External Dependencies – Outside factors affecting the project (e.g., waiting for government permits).
3. Examples of Project Dependencies in Different Industries
Example 1: Construction Industry – Office Building Project
📍 Project Goal: Construct a 10-story office building.
🔹 Finish-to-Start (FS): Foundation work must be completed before structural framing begins.
🔹 Start-to-Start (SS): Electrical wiring and plumbing can start simultaneously once framing begins.
🔹 Finish-to-Finish (FF): Interior painting can only be completed once drywall installation is finished.
🔹 External Dependency: The project requires government permits before construction begins.
📌 Potential Risk: A delay in permit approval postpones the entire project timeline.
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Example 2: IT Industry – Software Development Project
📍 Project Goal: Develop a mobile banking app.
🔹 Finish-to-Start (FS): Backend development (database, APIs) must be completed before front-end UI development begins.
🔹 Start-to-Start (SS): Security testing can start as soon as the first functional module is developed.
🔹 Finish-to-Finish (FF): User interface design and user experience testing must finish together to ensure usability.
🔹 External Dependency: App store approval (Apple/Google Play) must be obtained before the product launch.
📌 Potential Risk: If security compliance testing takes longer than expected, the entire project launch is delayed.
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4. Conclusion
Identifying project dependencies early ensures efficient scheduling, prevents bottlenecks, and reduces risks. Different industries face unique dependencies, but the principles of dependency mapping remain the same. Tools like Gantt charts, WBS, and CPM help visualize and manage them effectively. 🚀
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